Itraconazole: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Precautions
Uses
Itraconazole is an antifungal medication from the triazole group. It is used to treat various fungal infections, including:
- Systemic fungal infections such as aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, or blastomycosis.
- Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) of the toenails and fingernails.
- Candidiasis (oral, esophageal, or vaginal).
- Skin fungal infections like tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), and tinea versicolor.
Dosage
The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your doctor’s instructions.
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For fungal nail infections:
- Pulse therapy: 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, repeated after 3 weeks for fingernails or 4 weeks for toenails.
- Continuous therapy: 200 mg once daily for 6–12 weeks.
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For systemic fungal infections:
- Dose ranges between 100–400 mg daily based on the specific infection and its severity.
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For oral or esophageal candidiasis:
- 100–200 mg once daily for 1–2 weeks.
Itraconazole capsules should be taken with food, while the oral solution should be taken on an empty stomach.
Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Abdominal pain or diarrhea.
- Headache or dizziness.
- Skin rash.
Serious side effects (consult a doctor immediately):
- Signs of liver damage (e.g., yellowing of skin/eyes, dark urine, severe abdominal pain).
- Heart problems (e.g., shortness of breath, swelling in ankles).
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling).
Precautions
- Liver Disease: Itraconazole can affect liver function, so regular monitoring is needed.
- Heart Problems: Avoid itraconazole if you have a history of congestive heart failure.
- Drug Interactions:
- Avoid combining with drugs like rifampin, cisapride, or simvastatin due to serious interactions.
- Inform your doctor about all current medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
- Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Itraconazole should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Consult a doctor if breastfeeding.
- Acidic Environment: Stomach acid aids in absorption, so avoid antacids within 2 hours of taking itraconazole.
Key Notes:
- Complete the prescribed course even if symptoms improve early.
- Report any unusual side effects to your doctor.
- Regular liver function tests may be required during treatment.
Always follow your healthcare provider's advice for safe and effective use.