Losartan: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Precautions
Uses
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) primarily prescribed to:
- Treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
- Protect the kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria.
- Reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.
Dosage
The dosage of Losartan may vary depending on the condition being treated and the patient's age, weight, and overall health.
-
For hypertension (adults):
- Initial dose: 50 mg once daily.
- Maintenance dose: 25–100 mg per day, either as a single dose or split into two doses.
-
For diabetic nephropathy:
- Recommended dose: 50–100 mg once daily.
-
For stroke risk reduction:
- Initial dose: 50 mg once daily; adjust as needed.
-
Pediatric dosage (for children over 6 years): Based on weight.
Always follow the doctor's prescription and instructions.
Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Fatigue.
- Diarrhea.
- Cough (less common compared to ACE inhibitors).
Serious side effects (seek medical help immediately):
- Severe allergic reactions (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing).
- High potassium levels (symptoms: muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat).
- Kidney issues (reduced urination, swelling in extremities).
Precautions
- Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Losartan is contraindicated in pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the fetus. Consult your doctor if breastfeeding.
- Kidney/Liver Conditions: Dose adjustments may be required.
- Interaction with Other Drugs: Inform your doctor if taking diuretics, NSAIDs, or potassium supplements.
- Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance: Monitor for symptoms of low sodium or potassium.
Key Notes:
- Avoid sudden discontinuation without consulting your doctor.
- Stay hydrated, but avoid excessive potassium intake (e.g., supplements, potassium-rich foods).
- Monitor blood pressure regularly.
For detailed guidance, consult your healthcare provider or a pharmacist.